In this
chapter the five long vowels were introduced. “The five long vowels are different
from the six short vowels, not only in length but also in quality” (Roach, 2009).
For example, after comparing some similar pairs of long and short vowels such I
with i:, or U with u:, I felt their difference in quality resulting from modifications
in tongue shape and position.
Long vowels sound like the names of the letters that
represent them: a /eɪ/, e/i/, i /ɑɪ/, o /oʊ/,
and u/ju/. The long a sounds in the word cake. The long e sounds in the word keep. The long i sounds in the word bike. The long o sounds in
the word home. The long
u sounds in the word cute.
The term Long
vowel does not mean that the sound lasts for a longer period of time than other
vowel sounds. It's very important to realize that, in English, the term long
vowel is a name given to the sounds a, e, i, o, and u.
It is not in any way related to the amount of time each vowel is pronounced
within a word.
In here I leave the video that perfectly explains why each long vowel sound has additional spellings and some other websites to complete our knowledge:
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